Though, dark matter and energy is unable to be seen, scientists realized that there is more than meets the eye when they looked through the telescope. By measuring the mass of all visible objects in space, they realized that the motions of objects and light did not add up. Therefore there must be something else there!
There are several different explanations for the properties of dark energy. Dark Energy was first conceptualized by Albert Einstein with his idea that empty space is not nothing and that more of it could be produced. His gravity theory gave said that empty space could have properties such as carry energy. This is know as a cosmological constant.
Another theory is that space acquires energy from the quantum theory of matter. This means energy particles appear and disappear with space.
It's also possible that space is really a dynamic fluid that scientists have been unable to understand.
In the end, scientists are still not sure what dark energy is.
Dark matter is also a mystery. Scientists know it is not visible, it doesn't form in baryonic clouds, and it is not anti-matter. Scientists can only study dark matter by viewing its effects on visible matter.
Under the assumption that the universe is flat, dark energy does tell us that the expansion rate of the universe is speeding up and the scientists aren't sure why.
Which theory of dark energy do you think makes the most sense? Einstein's theory is the one that scientists keep going back and forth on. If scientists deem it inaccurate, they will have to come up with new theories of gravity that explain our supposedly expanding universe.
Sources: http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy/
http://www.space.com/6619-dark-energy.html
http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/dark-matter6.htm
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